Glossary-Unit 2

-Murder: the unlawful killing of a person

-Massive: terrible

-Gas leak: when the gas scape or run away

-Drown: to (cause to) die from being put under water

-On time: at the expected time

-Manage to: to succeed in being able (to do something) despite obstacles

-Surrender: to give oneself up, as into the power of another, as by agreeing to stop fighting because of defeat

-Tuxido: smoking

-Gang: a group or a band

-To run the risk: to do something although something bad might happen because of it

-Failure: a failing or proving unsuccessful; lack of success

-Ash: the gray or black powdery matter that remains after burning:

-Scrumptious: delicious

-Burned down to a crisp: to burn something totally or very badly

-Success: the favorable result of something attempted

-To blend: put together

-Earthquake drill: to withdraw or cause to withdraw from (a place of danger) to a place of greater safety but not real only a rehearse

-Food supplies non perishable: food that is use and kept in cause of emergency

-Though: even if

-Tub: bath

-Sway: (cause to) move or swing from side to side

-Steam: water in the form of an invisible gas or vapor

-Basement: a floor or story of a building that is partly or completely underground

-Concrete: being a real or actual thing

-Shelter: something beneath, behind, or within which one is protected, as from storms, cold, danger, etc.

-Warn about: to advise (someone to do something)

-Warn off: to advise (someone to do something)

-Warning: the act of one that warns. something that serves to warn

-Hijack: to seize (an airplane or other vehicle) by threat or by force, For ransom or political aims

-Without warning: without notify

-To be fond of: to like doing a thing; get pleasure of

-Burglar: one who commits housebreaker

-Rob: to take something by unlawful force

-In time: early or at the appointed time eventually

-Give out: send out

-Give in: surrender

-Get around: to travel from place to place

-Get ahead: to be successful, as in business or society

-Get back: coem back, return

-Suspects: one who can have done a crime

-Mug: to assault or attack, usually in order to rob

-Flare: a flaring or swaying flame or light. [uncountable] a sudden blaze or burst of flame.

-Witness: a person who has witnessed something and is able to declare what has taken place

-Wipe out: to destroy completely

Glossary-Unit 1

-Pain: aburrido
-Get your butt out: mueve tu culo fuera
-Pedestrian crossing: paso de cebra
-Olive skin-Spain
-Sweden-white
-Africa-blanck
-Hospital-pale skin
-Like sunn- suntanned
-When in Rome, do as the romans do: donde fueres haz lo que vieres
-Bustling:lleno
-Related
-Recline
-Baggage claim
-Save and sound: sanos y salvos
-Taking time off fromwork: vacation
-Board
-Hostel
-Living it up: living well in a place
-Gold rush: fiebre del oro
-Railways
-Silicon valley
-Publi/private
-Roots
-Draught
-Highway
-Hood: short for neighborhood
-Dude
-Alrighty:okay
-What´s up?: What´s going on?
-That burrito is so bomb: bomb means that are very good
-Bro, why you putting me on blast?:  to put someone "on blast" is to call them out in front otrer people
-Sucess: exito
-Reliable: fiable
-Fiew:fiable
-Little: incontable
-cucumber: pepino

Different cultures

-In china is normal eat insects

-In many the finguer up is surly

-Crossings legs is an insult too

-In Buddist countries you can´t touch the head of someone because is sacred

-In Africa the white color is for mourning

Handball

Baseball

Glossary unit 10

-Cereals: Grasses grown for the edible components of their grain, such as rice and wheat.

-Mortgage: A loan to finance the purchase of private residential or commercial property.

-Speculation: Investment in stocks, property of other assets in the hope of gain, but with the risk of loss.

-Crop: A cultivated plant to be harvested as food, animal fodder, fuel or for any other economic purpose.

-Agricultural landscape: A landscape that has been transformed by people to cultivate crops and/or rear livestock.

-Cultural heritage: The things, places and practices that define who we are as individuals, as communities, as nations or cultures.

-Domestic tourism: Tourism in which tourists do not leave their own country.

-Off-peak season: The season when travel is less active and rates are lower.


-Large-scale tourism: Travel and accommodation offered to large groups at affordable prices by tour operators.

-Tour operators: A company that combines tour and travel components to cater for large-scale tourism.

-High-speed rail: A type of rail transport involving high-speed trains.

-Peak season: The season when travel is most active and rates are highest.


-Recession: A business cycle contraction; a general slowdown in economic activity.

Glossary unit 9

-Freight: goods or produce transported by ship, aircraft, train, lorry or van.

-Capital flows: the money that is moved around the world

-Exports: goods or services that are sold outside the country where they are produced.

-Imports: goods or services that are brought into a country from abroad for sale.

-Balance of trade: the difference between the monetary value of the exports and the imports of a country.

-Balance of payments: all monetary transactions between a country and the world


-Retail: a type of trade in which businesses sell small quantities of goods directly to consumers.


-Wholesale: trade in which buyers purchase large quantities of goods and sell them, in smaller quantities, to other companies.


-Trade bloc: a group of countries that join together to form an area with special trade regulations.


-Transport network: the connection of road, railway lines, ports or airports that facilitate the transport of goods and/or people.


-Market: the meeting of buyers and sellers of goods and services. It can be tangible or abstract and it decides the prices of goods and services

-Infrastructure: the basic physical and organizational structures needed for an economy to function.

-Trade: the buying and selling of goods to meet the needs of the population.


-Bartering: the first way of trading in history


-Tourism: a sector dedicated to travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.


-Information society: society in which revolutionary advances an IT dominate the economy


-Public services: cover basic need of population


-Private services: offer personalised services to companies

Unit 8

-Mecanización: Dotar a algo con la maquinaria.

-Minería: El acto, proceso, o de la industria de extracción de carbón, minerales, etc de la tierra.

-Minerales: Cualquiera de una clase de sustancias de origen natural inorgánicos sólidos con una forma cristalina característica y una composición química homogénea.

fósiles combustibles: un depósito de hidrocarburos derivado de la materia de una época geológica anterior vivía y se utiliza como combustible.

-Industria: la actividad económica organizada dedicada a la fabricación, la extracción y transformación de materias primas, o la construcción.

La agricultura de regadío-: La agricultura basada en la distribución artificial y la aplicación de agua a las tierras de cultivo para iniciar y mantener el crecimiento de las plantas.

-Energía: Una fuente de poder.

-Biomasa: El número total de organismos vivos en un área determinada, expresado en términos de vida o el peso seco por unidad de área.

-Gestión: Los miembros del ejecutivo o la administración de una organización o empresa.

-Fuerza de Trabajo: El número total de trabajadores empleados por una empresa en un trabajo, proyecto específico, etc

-Turbina de viento:  Es un motor rotatorio que extrae energía del flujo de viento .

-El panel solar: Un grupo de células solares conectadas.

-Energías renovables: Cualquier tipo de energía que es incansable.  

-No renovable de energía: Cualquier tipo de energía que puede ser terminado.  

Tradicional energía: Energía que se ha utilizado desde la antigüedad se conoce como la energía convencional o tradicional.

-Energía alternativa: Una forma de energía derivada de fuentes naturales, como el sol, el viento, las mareas o las olas.

-Madre: Una barrera de hormigón, tierra, etc, construida a través de un río para crear un cuerpo de agua para una central hidroeléctrica, el suministro de agua para uso doméstico, etc

-Alianza: Una asociación de hombres que comparten los mismos intereses.

-Heavy industria: se refiere a un tipo de negocio que normalmente lleva un alto costo de capital, altas barreras de entrada y baja transportabilidad.

-Light industria: Una sección de la industria secundaria de una economía caracterizada por menos operaciones de trabajo intensivo de capital intensivo y más.

-De vanguardia industrias: Se refiere a los dispositivos tecnológicos, las técnicas o los logros que emplean la más actualizada y de alto nivel.

-Artesano: Una persona que practica un arte con gran maestría.

my book

file:///G:/THE%20HISTORY%20OF%20ANNE%20BOLEYN/index.html

Modern Times

My warm up

Socisl unit 7

-Plot: An area of land where crops are grown. It can vary in sixe, shape or borders

-Soil: The subtance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow, produced mainly by the weathering of rock.

-Crop rotation: The practice of growing different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. This method improves sil fertility and resistance to disease and pests

-Intensive agriculture:  is an agricultural production system characterized by a low fallow ratio and the high use of inputs such as capital, labour, or heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area.

-Extensive agriculture: An agricultural system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilisers, and capital, relative to the area of land that is being farmed.

-Dryland farming: Farming in which the fields receive only rainwater.

-Irrigated farming: Farming in which the water from groundwater, reservoirs or rivers is brought to fields.

-Polyculture:  is agriculture using multiple crops in the same space, in imitation of the diversity of natural ecosystems, and avoiding large stands of single crops, or monoculture. It includes multi-cropping, intercropping, companion planting, beneficial weeds, and alley cropping.

-Monoculture:  is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years

-Greenhouses:  is a building in which plants are grown

-Subsistence agriculture: A type of agriculture in which farmers only grow enough food to feed themselves and their families.

-Shifting cultivation:  is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot

-Livestock farming: Farming bassed on rearing animals to obtain products.

-Housed livestock: Livestock fed with fodder in farm buildings. This type of livestock must pass strict sanitary and quality controls

-Cattle: are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

-Fodder:  is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs.

-Rear: To care for, breed and grow animals until maturity.

-Fishing grounds: An area of water that is used for fishing.

-Aquaculture: is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants.

-Overfishing:  is a form of overexploitation in which fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.

-Fleets: is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels

-School of fish: many fishes together

Social unit 6

-Economic activity: the different processes involved in the production and consumption of goods and services

-Economic agent: a person, group or institution involved in the economy

-Goods: tangible economic products, such as food, that are usually consumed after production

-Services: economic activities, such as banking or education, that are intangible

-Production: an activity that provides goods and services for consumption. the production of goods combines natural resources, skills, financial investment and labour

-Distribution: the marketing, delivery and sale of goods and services

-Marketing: the act of researching, promoting and advertising a product or service in order to sell it

-Consumption: the use of a product or service to satisfy needs or desires

-Supply: availability of something of use or sale

-Demand: the desire to own something in the market and the willingness to pay for it

-Inflation: a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in the economy or a decrease in value of the purchasing power of money

-Profit: the monetary gain of a business after all expenses have been met

-Tax: a monetary contribution to the government requires of people, groups or business

-Raw material: material on which a particular manufacturing process is carried out

-Telecommuting: the use of home computers, telephones, etc, to enable a person to work from home while maintaining contact with colleagues, customers, or a central office

-Employer: a person, business, firm, etc, that employs workers

-Employee: a person who is hired to work for another or for a business, firm, etc, in return for payment

-Self-employed: earning one's living in one's own business or through freelance work, rather than as the employee of another

-Active population: people currently employed in the production of goods and services  and the people who are unemployed or looking for their first job

-Inactive population: people not in active service

-Disabled: lacking one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment

-Retired: to give up or to cause (a person) to give up his work, a post, etc, esp on reaching pensionable age

-Full-time contracts:  a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his/her employer.

-Part-time contracts: a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job.

Idioms

-Under the table: is a phase used to describe secretive behaviour often suggesting corruption or illegality

-When someone has chickened out of something: they have failed to do something or they haven´t tried to do it because they were afraid 

-If you are chasing your tail you are very busy doing a lot of things but not achieving very much

-To ask for the moon: to make unreasonable demands for things or to wish something impossible to achieve or to obtain 

-When you say someone is a wise old owl you mean they are very experienced in life

-Hold the fort: you take care of a place when the person normally in charge is away

-A night owl is someone who stays up late into the night

-To horse around: like goof off

-When you say someone is in safe hands you mean they are being cared for someone who is confident and skilled

-A safe pair of hands: is a similar expression it refers to someone who can be to do a good job avoiding mistakes

-Let the chips fall where they may means to allow things to happen no matter what the consequences are

-If someone tells you to hold your tongue it means they want you to stop talking because they don't like what you are saying

-Money doesn't grow on trees: means you must not spent to much money as there is a limited amount of it

-If a situation is black and white it means you have a clear opinion about it and you can easily see what you think is right and wrong

-Money is not object: means that you have a lot of money available to spend

-When you say something is as cheap as chips you mean it is very cheap

My ideal city

Family´s e-mail

Social unit 6

Economic activity: the different processes involved in the production and consumption of goods and services

Economic agent: a person, group or institution involved in the economy

-Active population: people currently employed in the production of goods and services  and the people who are unemployed or looking for their first job

-Goods: tangible economic products, such as food, that are usually consumed after production

Services: economic activities, such as banking or education, that are intangible

Production: an activity that provides goods and services for consumption. the production of goods combines natural resources, skills, financial investment and labour

Distribution: the marketing, delivery and sale of goods and services

Marketing: the act of researching, promoting and advertising a product or service in order to sell it

Consumption: the use of a product or service to satisfy needs or desires

Supply: availability of something of use or sale

Demand: the desire to own something in the market and the willingness to pay for it

Inflation: a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in the economy or a decrease in value of the purchasing power of money

Profit: the monetary gain of a business after all expenses have been met

Tax: a monetary contribution to the government requires of people, groups or business

Raw material: material on which a particular manufacturing process is carried out

Telecommuting: the use of home computers, telephones, etc, to enable a person to work from home while maintaining contact with colleagues, customers, or a central office

-Employer: a person, business, firm, etc, that employs workers

-Employee: a person who is hired to work for another or for a business, firm, etc, in return for payment

-Self-employed: earning one's living in one's own business or through freelance work, rather than as the employee of another

-Inactive population: people not in active service

-Full-time contracts:  a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his/her employer.

-Disabled: lacking one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment

-Part-time contracts: a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job.

-Retired: to give up or to cause (a person) to give up his work, a post, etc, esp on reaching pensionable age

Social Sciences. Unit 5.

-National sovereignty: all Spanish citizens elect the members of the Congress of Deputies, the Senate, the autonomous parliaments, the town halls and the European Parliament every four years.

-Constitutional Monarchy: a system of government in which the king is the head of the state but the parliament chooses the government. The government manages the politics of the state.

-The Crown: the part of a constitutinalmonarchy represented by the king.

-Arbitrator: a person chosen to decide a dispute or settle diffences. In a constitutional monarchy, the king is the arbitrator between governmental institutions.

-Decentralised Government: a system of government in which decision-making is devolved to a local level and is therefore closer to the citizens.

-Motion of no confidence: is a vote which states that a person in a superior position is no longer deemed fit to hold that position.

-Ministers: government officials that, together with the president, make up the Spanish cabinet.

-Municipality: the most basic administrative body in the Spanish territory. It's made up of one or several settlements.

-Town Council: the organisation that governs each municipality in Spain.

-Mayor: person that governs the town hall.

-Councilors: government officials that, together with the mayor, make up the town council. They elect the mayor.

-Province: an administrative body made up of several municipalities in the Spanish territory.

-Self-government: a system of government in which a community or region has authority to govern itself without the intervetion of any other authority.

-Statute of Autonomy: a law describing the institutions, laws and responsabilities for each of the autonomous communities in the Spanish territory.

-Subsidiarity: the services the municipality can provide need not to be provided by the autonomous community.

-Autonomous Community: one of 17 regions that form part of the Spanish territory with its own devolved government.

-Exclusive authority: local government power over laws related to town planning, housing, monuments, health care and education.

-Share authority: local government and state power over laws related to transport or labour market. 

-Post-industrial society: a society in which the economy has undergone a shift from the production of goods to the provision of services.

-Well-being: the level of satisfaction of a population sa measured by education levels, health care, life expentancy and consumption.

IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE A CONSTITUTION?

I think that Spain needs a constitution that, in a constitution you can vote to choose who represents you, you may think as you want without being told anything.
if Spain had a terrible dictatorship would not popdriamos dumped, would always be a representative and you could not say anything because if there would be reprisals, even go to prison.

Glossary social unit 4

• Budget-a sum of money to be used for a specific purpose by a government.

• Cap-the Common Agricultural Policy.

• CFP- the Common Fisheries Policy.

• Citizenship-the condition or status of a citizen, with its rights and duties.

• Cohesion-the act of uniting or staying together.

• Common market-a market based on common policies and the free movement of goods, services, people and capital.

• Develepment-the act or process of growing or making progress.

• Duty-something you must do.

• Fragmentation-when production processes occur in different phases, in different places.

• Free movement-the unrestricted movement of goods, services, people and capital in a common market.

• Funds-the financial resources used by governments or political institutions for a specific purpose.

• GDP-the Gross Domestic Product.

• Heterogeneity-a thing that consists of dissimilar elements or parts.

• Hierachy-social system  in which some people order and the rest obey.

• Highway/Motorway-large road by where main ground transport goes by from one city to another.

• Homogeneous-made up of the same kind of people or things.

• Investment-the act of using something to achieve a goal.

• Monetary Union-the sharing of the same currency between two or more states.

• Outskirts-the bordering areas of a city.

• Outsourcing-part of a company’s work is sent to another company, sometimes in a different country because it is a cheaper or more efficient option.

• Profitable-something by which you gain some benefits.

• Seafaring-related to the sea.

• Skeptical-doubtful.

• Subsudy-a type of financing offered by a government.

• Surplus-what is left over after producing excessively.

• Treaty-a formal agreement between two or more states related to international relations.