My warm up

Socisl unit 7

-Plot: An area of land where crops are grown. It can vary in sixe, shape or borders

-Soil: The subtance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow, produced mainly by the weathering of rock.

-Crop rotation: The practice of growing different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. This method improves sil fertility and resistance to disease and pests

-Intensive agriculture:  is an agricultural production system characterized by a low fallow ratio and the high use of inputs such as capital, labour, or heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area.

-Extensive agriculture: An agricultural system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilisers, and capital, relative to the area of land that is being farmed.

-Dryland farming: Farming in which the fields receive only rainwater.

-Irrigated farming: Farming in which the water from groundwater, reservoirs or rivers is brought to fields.

-Polyculture:  is agriculture using multiple crops in the same space, in imitation of the diversity of natural ecosystems, and avoiding large stands of single crops, or monoculture. It includes multi-cropping, intercropping, companion planting, beneficial weeds, and alley cropping.

-Monoculture:  is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years

-Greenhouses:  is a building in which plants are grown

-Subsistence agriculture: A type of agriculture in which farmers only grow enough food to feed themselves and their families.

-Shifting cultivation:  is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot

-Livestock farming: Farming bassed on rearing animals to obtain products.

-Housed livestock: Livestock fed with fodder in farm buildings. This type of livestock must pass strict sanitary and quality controls

-Cattle: are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

-Fodder:  is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs.

-Rear: To care for, breed and grow animals until maturity.

-Fishing grounds: An area of water that is used for fishing.

-Aquaculture: is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants.

-Overfishing:  is a form of overexploitation in which fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.

-Fleets: is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels

-School of fish: many fishes together

Social unit 6

-Economic activity: the different processes involved in the production and consumption of goods and services

-Economic agent: a person, group or institution involved in the economy

-Goods: tangible economic products, such as food, that are usually consumed after production

-Services: economic activities, such as banking or education, that are intangible

-Production: an activity that provides goods and services for consumption. the production of goods combines natural resources, skills, financial investment and labour

-Distribution: the marketing, delivery and sale of goods and services

-Marketing: the act of researching, promoting and advertising a product or service in order to sell it

-Consumption: the use of a product or service to satisfy needs or desires

-Supply: availability of something of use or sale

-Demand: the desire to own something in the market and the willingness to pay for it

-Inflation: a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in the economy or a decrease in value of the purchasing power of money

-Profit: the monetary gain of a business after all expenses have been met

-Tax: a monetary contribution to the government requires of people, groups or business

-Raw material: material on which a particular manufacturing process is carried out

-Telecommuting: the use of home computers, telephones, etc, to enable a person to work from home while maintaining contact with colleagues, customers, or a central office

-Employer: a person, business, firm, etc, that employs workers

-Employee: a person who is hired to work for another or for a business, firm, etc, in return for payment

-Self-employed: earning one's living in one's own business or through freelance work, rather than as the employee of another

-Active population: people currently employed in the production of goods and services  and the people who are unemployed or looking for their first job

-Inactive population: people not in active service

-Disabled: lacking one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment

-Retired: to give up or to cause (a person) to give up his work, a post, etc, esp on reaching pensionable age

-Full-time contracts:  a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his/her employer.

-Part-time contracts: a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job.

Idioms

-Under the table: is a phase used to describe secretive behaviour often suggesting corruption or illegality

-When someone has chickened out of something: they have failed to do something or they haven´t tried to do it because they were afraid 

-If you are chasing your tail you are very busy doing a lot of things but not achieving very much

-To ask for the moon: to make unreasonable demands for things or to wish something impossible to achieve or to obtain 

-When you say someone is a wise old owl you mean they are very experienced in life

-Hold the fort: you take care of a place when the person normally in charge is away

-A night owl is someone who stays up late into the night

-To horse around: like goof off

-When you say someone is in safe hands you mean they are being cared for someone who is confident and skilled

-A safe pair of hands: is a similar expression it refers to someone who can be to do a good job avoiding mistakes

-Let the chips fall where they may means to allow things to happen no matter what the consequences are

-If someone tells you to hold your tongue it means they want you to stop talking because they don't like what you are saying

-Money doesn't grow on trees: means you must not spent to much money as there is a limited amount of it

-If a situation is black and white it means you have a clear opinion about it and you can easily see what you think is right and wrong

-Money is not object: means that you have a lot of money available to spend

-When you say something is as cheap as chips you mean it is very cheap

My ideal city

Family´s e-mail

Social unit 6

Economic activity: the different processes involved in the production and consumption of goods and services

Economic agent: a person, group or institution involved in the economy

-Active population: people currently employed in the production of goods and services  and the people who are unemployed or looking for their first job

-Goods: tangible economic products, such as food, that are usually consumed after production

Services: economic activities, such as banking or education, that are intangible

Production: an activity that provides goods and services for consumption. the production of goods combines natural resources, skills, financial investment and labour

Distribution: the marketing, delivery and sale of goods and services

Marketing: the act of researching, promoting and advertising a product or service in order to sell it

Consumption: the use of a product or service to satisfy needs or desires

Supply: availability of something of use or sale

Demand: the desire to own something in the market and the willingness to pay for it

Inflation: a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in the economy or a decrease in value of the purchasing power of money

Profit: the monetary gain of a business after all expenses have been met

Tax: a monetary contribution to the government requires of people, groups or business

Raw material: material on which a particular manufacturing process is carried out

Telecommuting: the use of home computers, telephones, etc, to enable a person to work from home while maintaining contact with colleagues, customers, or a central office

-Employer: a person, business, firm, etc, that employs workers

-Employee: a person who is hired to work for another or for a business, firm, etc, in return for payment

-Self-employed: earning one's living in one's own business or through freelance work, rather than as the employee of another

-Inactive population: people not in active service

-Full-time contracts:  a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his/her employer.

-Disabled: lacking one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment

-Part-time contracts: a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job.

-Retired: to give up or to cause (a person) to give up his work, a post, etc, esp on reaching pensionable age